2007 Events

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Energy efficient system design requires systematic optimization at all levels of the design abstraction ranging from devices and circuits to architectures and algorithms. The design of micro-power systems will enable operation using energy scavenging. The opportunities and challenges associated with sub-threshold design include variation-aware design for logic and SRAM circuits, efficient DC-DC converters for ultra-low-voltage delivery, and algorithm structuring to support extreme parallelism

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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a process in which a finite amount of charge is transferred from one object (i.e., human body) to the other (i.e., microchip). This process can result in a very high current passing through the microchip within a very short period of time, and more than 35% of chip damages can be attributed to such an event. As such, designing on-chip ESD structures to protect microchips against the ESD stress is a high priority in the semiconductor industry.

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Memory effects are changes in an amplifiers non-linear characteristics resulting from the past history of the input signal. Predistortion linearization depends on a stable non-linear response, and can be significantly degraded by memory effects. This presentation will begin with an overview of linearization techniques and the application of digital signal processing (DSP) to the correction of distortion in power amplifiers. The problems caused by memory effects will be introduced, different sources of memory effects will be discussed and techniques for their suppression presented

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It is now more than ten years since the introduction of the first millimeter-wave (MMW) linearizers. During this time the capabilities of MMW linearizers have advanced tremendously. Today's MMW linearizers operate at higher frequency (> 45 GHz), provide wider bandwidth (> 10 GHz), and give greater performance (> 20 dB NPR at 4 dB OPBO). They also operate with a wider variety of MMW power devices (TWTAs helix and coupled cavity, Klystrons and EIKs, MMPMs and SSPAs). More than 1 kW of MMW linear power can be produced today with high efficiency in a relatively small package. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art in MMW linearization and provides a road map of what to expect in the future.

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This talk presents management of waste in urban municipalities through RFID and GPRS-UMTS technologies.

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As operating frequency increases and device sizes shrink, the complexity of current state-of-the-art designs has increased dramatically. One of the main contributors to this complexity is high speed interconnects. At high frequencies, interconnects become dominant contributors to signal degradation, and their effects such as delays, reflections, and crosstalk must be accurately simulated. Time domain analysis of such structures is however very difficult because, at high frequencies, they must be modeled as distributed transmission lines which, after discretization, result in very large networks. In order to improve the simulation efficiency of such structures, model order reduction has been proposed in the literature. Conventional model order reduction methods based on Krylov subspace have a number of limitations in many practical simulation problems. This restricts their usefulness in general commercial simulators.

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Though Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems have been in use for various applications in the past, currently they are gaining popularity due to their application to retail supply chain management systems. Compared to low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) RFID systems (which operate through near-field inductive coupling and thus have relatively short read range), ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID systems operate through farfield backscattering, have larger read range, and have been widely used in supply chain management and inventory control. However, very often the electromagnetic (EM) performance of the reader/tag systems could be significantly degraded due to the complex physical environments. With the aid of computational electromagnetic (CEM) tools, such situations can be analyzed and optimized to improve the performance of RFID systems. This talk presents options for the EM characterization of such systems with the aid of full wave or hybrid numerical methods. Analysis of RFID tags, readers, tag placement, tag/reader coupling, and tag/reader systems in complex environments will be addressed.

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A new method is presented to calculate state space realizations of a three-dimensional (3D) image set. It is based on interpreting the image set as the impulse response of a 3D separable system. The proposed realization algorithm consists of two parts:

1) Decomposition of a 3D image set into the product of three 1D components;
2) Balanced state space realizations of finite 1D sequences.

The proposed method can be used for realizing the given 3D images exactly or approximately. The advantage of the method is noise can be reduced with little degradation on the image quality. It has been successfully applied in noise reduction of various 3D image sets of fluorescently labeled cells acquired by a fluorescent microscope. It can be used for noise reduction in a 3D image set or for noise suppression of a point spread function (PSF) which is an essential component in any 3D deconvolution algorithms.

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